Synthesis of Reconfigurable Multiple Shaped Beams of a Concentric Circular Ring Array Antenna Using Evolutionary Algorithms

The approach described in this paper uses evolutionary algorithms to create multiple-beam patterns for a concentric circular ring array (CCRA) of isotropic antennas using common set excitation amplitudes. flat top, cosec2, and pencil beam are examples patterns. All these designs have an upward angle θ = 0◦. the further created three azimuth planes (φ 0◦, 5◦, 10◦). To necessary patterns, non-uniform excitations used combination with evenly spaced components. For top cosecant-squared best components, amplitude various phases is applied, whereas pattern produced only. Differential algorithm (DE), genetic (GA), firefly (FA) generate 4-bit discrete magnitudes 5-bit phases. These aid lowering feed network design complexity dynamic range ratio (DRR). A variety randomly selected verify as well. With small modifications desired parameters, formed same excitation. results proved both efficacy suggested strategy dominance DE over GA well FA.